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HYGIENIC FOOD HANDLING

Score 15 — Improvement necessary

A score of 15 indicates that improvement is necessary in the hygienic handling of food at the time of your assessment.

At this level, the food safety officer has identified some major non-compliance with food hygiene requirements and some significant food safety risks. The priority is to address the specific problems identified during your inspection and complete any required corrective actions within the timescales given.

15
IMPROVEMENT NECESSARY Corrective action is required
✓

Review every issue raised during your inspection

✓

Address major non-compliance and food safety risks

✓

Complete required actions within the timescales given

i
Remember: Component scores work in the opposite direction to your overall food hygiene rating. For component scores, lower is better. A score of 15 is Improvement necessary, while Score 0 represents Very good.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR SCORE

What does a Hygienic Food Handling score of 15 mean?

A score of 15 means that improvement is necessary in the hygienic handling of food.

At this level, the food safety officer has identified some major non-compliance with food hygiene requirements and some significant food safety risks. This is a clear step up from Score 10, where problems may be relatively limited or inconsistent.

The priority is now to understand the specific non-compliances identified during your inspection, reduce the associated food safety risks and complete the required corrective actions within any timescales given.

Food handling in a commercial kitchen
WHAT THE SCORE TELLS YOU

Some major non-compliance has been identified

This is more than a minor shortcoming or occasional lapse. FSA guidance describes Score 15 as involving some major non-compliance with legal food hygiene requirements, meaning corrective work is needed.

FOOD SAFETY RISK

Some significant risks have been identified

The problems found may increase the risk of unsafe food if they are not properly controlled. Depending on the finding, this could involve harmful bacteria surviving, multiplying or being transferred to food, or unsafe food remaining in use.

HOW THIS AFFECTS YOUR OVERALL RATING

A component score of 15 limits your overall FHRS rating

Your overall Food Hygiene Rating is calculated using all three component scores, but the highest individual component score also affects the result.

Because a score of 15 has been awarded for Hygienic Food Handling, your overall rating cannot be higher than 2 — Improvement necessary, even if your other two component scores are lower.

Your actual overall rating could be lower than 2 depending on your Cleanliness & Condition score, Management of Food Safety score and the combined total of all three scores.

15
COMPONENT SCORE Hygienic Food Handling
MAXIMUM OVERALL RATING
2
OVERALL FHRS RATING Improvement necessary

Your inspection findings matter most. A Score 15 tells you the level of compliance, but not which particular problems were found. The next section shows examples associated with this score; your own inspection report should be used to identify the actions that actually apply to your business.

WHAT MAY NEED ATTENTION

What could be going wrong — and what should you do next?

A Hygienic Food Handling score of 15 can result from different problems, so there is no single checklist that explains every business's result. The examples below are based on issues specifically identified in FSA guidance for this score.

Use them to understand the type of food safety risks that may be involved, but always compare them with the findings made during your own inspection.

EXAMPLE 01

Stock rotation & use-by controls

What could be going wrong?

Poor stock rotation is specifically given by the FSA as an example at Score 15. Older stock may not be used first, date checks may be missed, or food that has passed its use-by date may remain in storage.

Why it matters

Use-by dates relate to food safety. Food kept beyond its safe shelf life may no longer be safe to serve, even if it looks or smells normal.

What to review

Review date labelling, use-by checks, first-in-first-out stock rotation, storage organisation and who is responsible for routine stock checks.

EXAMPLE 02

Cross-contamination controls

What could be going wrong?

FSA guidance describes inadequate implementation of some of the controls required to prevent cross-contamination as an example at this score.

Why it matters

Harmful bacteria from raw food can be transferred to ready-to-eat food, equipment, utensils or hands. Ready-to-eat food may receive no further cooking to destroy that contamination.

What to review

Review separation of raw and ready-to-eat food, storage arrangements, chopping boards and utensils, cleaning and disinfection, handwashing and the way food moves through your kitchen.

EXAMPLE 03

Cooking, reheating & preparation

What could be going wrong?

There may be major non-compliance with safe preparation, cooking or reheating procedures — for example, important controls may not be followed or verified reliably.

Why it matters

If food is not cooked or reheated adequately, harmful bacteria may survive and remain in food that is then served to customers.

What to review

Review cooking and reheating methods, portion sizes, equipment, temperature or other verification checks, staff instructions and what happens when the required control is not achieved.

EXAMPLE 04

Cooling & temperature-controlled storage

What could be going wrong?

Major non-compliance may involve cooling food, chilled storage or other temperature controls. Food may be spending too long outside effective temperature control or monitoring may not be reliable.

Why it matters

Poor temperature control can allow harmful bacteria to multiply. This can increase the food safety risk even when there is no obvious change in the appearance or smell of the food.

What to review

Review refrigeration, cooling methods, how long food remains outside temperature control, temperature monitoring, probe use and the action staff take when something is outside your normal limits.

EXAMPLE 05

Personal hygiene

What could be going wrong?

Poor personal hygiene is another example specifically identified by the FSA at Score 15. Important hygiene practices may not be followed consistently by staff handling food.

Why it matters

Poor hand hygiene and unhygienic working practices can transfer harmful bacteria or other contamination onto food, equipment and food-contact surfaces.

What to review

Review handwashing, suitable work clothing, staff illness procedures, hygiene facilities, staff instruction and whether supervisors are checking that expected practices are actually being followed.

YOUR FINDINGS COME FIRST

Your inspection report is now your action plan

The examples above can help you understand a Score 15, but they cannot tell you which problems were found at your business.

At this level, your inspection report, letter or written findings should become the basis of your corrective-action plan. Work through every issue raised rather than trying to improve the score using general advice alone.

1

List every required action

Separate each non-compliance identified by the officer and record exactly what needs to be corrected.

2

Record the timescale

Check your inspection findings for any stipulated completion dates or instructions. Prioritise actions according to the food safety risk and any timescale given by your local authority.

3

Keep evidence of completion

Where appropriate, retain updated procedures, monitoring records, staff training records, photographs or other evidence showing what was changed and when.

A follow-up revisit is important at this score

In England, a hygiene compliance score of 15 or higher triggers a required food-hygiene revisit under the Food Law Code of Practice. There is no single fixed revisit period: the timing depends on the severity of the non-compliance and the action taken following the original inspection.

Follow any deadlines or instructions given by your local authority. Do not wait for the revisit before completing work that has already been identified as necessary.

TURN FINDINGS INTO ACTION

Common corrective actions — and why they help

The correct action depends on what your officer found. These examples show practical responses to some of the issues associated with this component score.

Improve stock rotation

Introduce reliable date checks, clear labelling and a first-in-first-out system, and make responsibility for stock checks clear.

Why this helps: Reduces the risk of food remaining in use after its safe shelf life and makes date control easier to verify.

Strengthen cross-contamination controls

Improve raw and ready-to-eat separation, review equipment and utensils, reinforce handwashing and make cleaning and disinfection procedures clear.

Why this helps: Reduces opportunities for harmful bacteria to move from raw food or contaminated surfaces onto food that will be eaten without further cooking.

Verify cooking and reheating controls

Review your cooking process and introduce suitable checks where needed so staff can demonstrate that the required control has been achieved.

Why this helps: Provides a more reliable way of confirming that food has been treated sufficiently to control harmful bacteria.

Improve chilling and temperature monitoring

Review refrigeration, cooling methods, temperature checks, probe use and the action taken when a result falls outside your normal controls.

Why this helps: Reduces the opportunity for harmful bacteria to multiply while food is being stored, prepared or cooled.

Retrain and supervise staff where needed

Explain the correct procedure, record relevant instruction or training and follow up by observing whether the improved practice is actually being followed.

Why this helps: Correcting a procedure on paper is not enough if staff do not understand it or apply it consistently in practice.

Record corrective action

Keep appropriate evidence of problems identified, the action taken and any follow-up checks confirming that the new control is working.

Why this helps: Makes it easier to verify that issues have been properly addressed rather than temporarily corrected.
Correct the cause, not only the symptom

If the same problem could happen again tomorrow, the corrective action may not yet be complete. Where necessary, change the underlying procedure, equipment, training, supervision or monitoring arrangement as well as fixing the immediate problem.

FOLLOW-UP READINESS

Before the follow-up: can you show the work has been completed?

Once corrective action has been taken, the next step is to make sure you can demonstrate what was changed, when it was completed and whether the improvement is now working in practice.

✓

Can you account for every point in the inspection findings?

Each item should be clearly completed or still shown as outstanding. Make sure no issue has simply disappeared from your action list.

✓

Have you recorded when the work was completed?

Keep a simple record of completion dates, particularly where your food safety officer gave a timescale or deadline for corrective action.

✓

Can you provide evidence where appropriate?

Depending on the issue, useful evidence could include photographs, temperature or monitoring records, revised procedures, training records, maintenance documents or completed check sheets.

✓

Can staff demonstrate the new way of working?

Improvements should be visible in normal day-to-day practice. Relevant staff should understand what has changed and be able to follow the corrected procedure without relying on paperwork alone.

✓

Have you carried out your own follow-up check?

Revisit the affected process after the corrective action has been introduced and confirm that the improvement is still being maintained during normal operation.

✓

Do you know what is still outstanding?

If something has not yet been completed, keep it visible on your action plan. Record what remains to be done and continue to follow any instructions or timescales given by your local authority.

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